Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet pH hasĬhanged in recent decades in response to controls on anthropogenicĮmissions, while the limited trend data for aerosol particles indicateĪcidity may be relatively constant due to the semivolatile nature of the Than particles, and have a range of pH that is quite sensitive toĪnthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, as well as ambientĪmmonia. Clouds and fogs are also generally acidic, but to a lesser degree Observationally constrained pH estimates are limited in spatial and temporalĬoverage. Growth, many fine-particle pH estimates must be based on thermodynamic modelĬalculations since no operational techniques exist for direct measurements.Ĭurrent information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but
Seen a growth in the number of studies on particle acidity. Its fundamental role in atmospheric processes, only recently has this field It has implications for theĪtmospheric lifetime of pollutants, deposition, and human health. Semivolatile gases such as HNO 3, NH 3, HCl, and organic acids andīases as well as chemical reaction rates. Particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol Pye Received: – Discussion started: – Revised: – Accepted: – Published: Īcidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueousĬhemistry. Pye Hide author detailsĬorrespondence: Havala O.
19 Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest.18 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.17 School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of.Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 16 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong.Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, 15 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air.Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA 14 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at.13 Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York,.Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA 12 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.11 Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion Crete, 71003, Greece.10 Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), AtmosphericĬhemistry Department (ACD), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA 9 Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering,.8 Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort.7 School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.6 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.5 Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.4 Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle,.3 Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for ResearchĪnd Technology Hellas, Patras, 26504, Greece.Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland 2 School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole.Environmental ProtectionĪgency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA 1 Office of Research and Development, U.S.
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